
Health
Polycythemia vera – Causes and risk factors
Red blood cells, a type of cell found in the blood, carry oxygen all throughout the body. When these cells grow in number beyond what is required, the blood thickens, restricting oxygen flow. This is what happens in polycythemia vera. The condition affects the bone marrow, making it produce excess red blood cells. Knowing why polycythemia vera develops and the common risk factors can help one seek the right treatment and recover. Polycythemia vera – What causes it? The main cause of polycythemia vera lies deep inside the body, particularly in the JAK2 gene found in the bone marrow’s stem cells. The stem cells within the bone marrow produce red blood cells. Under normal circumstances, the JAK2 gene sends signals to the bone marrow only when the body needs more red blood cells. However, in polycythemia vera, a mutation occurs that changes how this gene functions. As a result, the gene continuously signals for red blood cell production, even when the body does not need more. A change in the JAK2 gene is observed in most cases of polycythemia vera. The mutated gene activates a protein that increases cell growth in the bone marrow. As a result, red blood cells rapidly increase in number, and the blood starts to thicken.
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